Hpa Axis

How Your Gut Talks to Your Brain: The Four Pathways Behind the Gut-Brain Axis

The gut-brain axis is a bidirectional communication network linking the gut and brain via neural, hormonal, immune, and metabolic pathways. Understanding these four routes, including the vagus nerve, HPA axis, immune mediators, and microbial metabolites, is key to grasping how gut health influences mental well-being.