Editorial Standards

Material factual claims should be supported by relevant evidence. We favor original documents, official records, direct data and other primary sources where they are available and appropriate.

Dates, jurisdictions, units, quoted claims and important limitations should be checked in context. Unresolved material conflicts are grounds to hold an article rather than present uncertainty as fact.

Sources should be identified clearly enough for readers to understand who is making a claim. Analysis, opinion, allegations and established facts should not be presented as interchangeable.

Commercial or sponsored material must be labeled. Advertising relationships do not grant a source control over independent editorial conclusions.

Articles should answer a defined reader need and add useful context, comparison, explanation or analysis beyond a collection of source summaries. We do not claim firsthand testing, professional expertise or original reporting unless it actually occurred and can be supported.

Our systems are designed to flag unsupported or incomplete work before publication, but errors can still occur. Read our Corrections Policy and AI & Automation disclosure.

Archive material may predate the current controls described on this page.